Want to know how bikes , cars and heavy trucks run and how
they run even with big load , this is done by their main power supplier which
is the 'engine'. The vehicles use internal combustion engine. The internal
combustion engine is the power source for all modern vehicles. Its basic
operating principle is that combustion, or the controlled, steady burning of
air and fuel in the combustion chamber, creates power that forces components
within the engine to move with great speed and force. The motion and force is
transferred to the wheels of the vehicle through components of other automotive
systems.
An understanding of the internal combustion engine, or ICE,
requires an overview of the engine's major components. The components in direct
contact with combustion are the cylinders, pistons, valves and spark plugs. Air
from the vehicle's intake system and fuel from the fuel system is delivered to
an area at the top of each cylinder known as the combustion chamber.
Intake and
exhaust valves are seated in holes at the top of the combustion chamber. When
the intake valve opens, a measured amount of air and fuel mixture enters the
chamber. Within each cylinder, a piston moves up and down. Pistons are strong,
cylindrical metal components whose tops form the base of each combustion
chamber. Once air and fuel are delivered to the combustion chamber and the
piston is traveling upward, the mixture is compressed. The spark plugs fire
when the spark timing system so determines, and the compressed mixture ignites.
The ignition of compressed air and fuel exerts a tremendous
amount of force on the top of the piston, moving it downward in the cylinder.
At this point, a few other components must be mentioned: the connecting rod and
crankshaft. A connecting rod is attached to the inside of each piston. The
bottom end of the rod connects to a section of the crankshaft. Crankshafts have
numerous sections that are not in-line; some sections fall in the center-line,
and others are offset. The offset sections are surrounded by the bottom ends of
the connecting rods. When the piston is forced downward, the connecting rod
moves with it. The rod forms a link between the piston and the crankshaft, yet
the design of the crankshaft causes its motion to be rotary rather than
up-and-down. The crankshaft rotates when the connecting rod applies force to
it. A component called a flywheel (in vehicles with manual transmission) or a
torque converter (in vehicles with automatic transmissions) is connected to one
end of the crankshaft. This component is the connecting point between the
vehicle's engine and drive train.
Once the piston has moved downward after combustion, the
rotary motion of the crankshaft moves it back up the cylinder. At this time,
the exhaust valve is opened and the leftover gas from combustion called exhaust
is forced out of the chamber. Once this valve closes and the piston moves
downward again, the intake valve opens and the partial vacuum created by the
piston's downward motion pulls more mixture into the chamber. Valve timing is
controlled by the camshaft, a component that is linked to the crankshaft. The
camshaft turns as the crankshaft does, but at half the speed. It is composed of
lobes, or egg-shaped knobs whose longer ends push on valves directly or on
components linked to valves to open them. Once the lobe's long end comes off
the valve or linked component, spring pressure returns the valve to its seated,
closed position.
When an internal combustion engine is first started, it
requires a starter motor to begin the motion. The motor turns the crankshaft,
which transfers its motion to the connecting rod and piston. The piston then
compresses the air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Once combustion
has occurred, the force created thereby moves the crankshaft through the
connecting rod. The crankshaft's inertial motion works to keep the piston moving
up and down the cylinder, and the process of combustion continues for as long
as the vehicle is running
Nice effort friend!!!!
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